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Basic Concept of AMOLED for beginners

INTRODUCTION:
AMOLED-Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode.

It is the display technology, developed by Samsung Electronics having OLED screen with the matrix being in Active state. OLED describes the technology of thin-film type in which organic compound form the electroluminescent material and Active Matrix defines the technology used in addressing of pixels.

An active matrix OLED display consists of a matrix of OLED pixels that initiate light upon electrical activation that have been stuck or integrated onto a thin film transistor (TFT) array by using solution-processing techniques and so enables large and clear resolution displays. Thin film transistor (TFT) operates as a series of switches which contains a storage capacitor which maintains the line pixel states, to control the current flowing to each individual pixel.

AMOLED pixels turn on and off more than three times faster than the speed of conventional motion picture film – making these displays ideal for fluid, full-motion video.
FEATURES:
Due to the fabulous following features, the AMOLED displays have been used in almost every Smartphone screen and television:-

-High Perceived Luminance -> Perceived luminance is 1.5 times higher than that of conventional LCD display.


-          Contrast ratio -> the contrast of an AMOLED is unbelievable it offers clear images and readability in any environment.


-          Wide Viewing Angle -> it allows viewing a picture from different angle by minimizing the reflection from the picture at different wide range of angle.


- True Colors -> AMOLED technology has high color gamut and no color shift by viewing angle and/or gray scales. The picture from different viewing angle shows no color rendering as in the conventional displays.


- Fast Response -> these displays show the fast response of the touch on the screen than the conventional LCD displays used in the mobile phones. More vivid and dynamic image quality is realized in moving pictures and gives the best quality picture to the consumer.
WORKING & DESIGN:
An AMOLED display consists of an active matrix of OLED pixels that generate light upon electrical activation that have been deposited or integrated onto a thin film transistor (TFT) array, which functions as a series of switches to control the current flowing to each individual pixel.

The two TFTs at each pixel is placed on the ultra high purity substrate to create the backplane for the AMOLED display. The next step is the organic layers on the backplane. Light emitting polymers LEPs are used for this purpose. These can be applied by using spin coating or simple printing techniques. Between the organic layer and the backplane of TFT, ITO (Indium tin oxide) which is a transparent material is sputtered onto the TFTs.  The last stage of the designing of AMOLED displays is covering from cathode and then from the transparent protective sheet to make it touch sensitive and protect it from the atmosphere.

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