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Calculation of Pixels in an Image

Pixels - It is made up of two words - ' Pic ture' + ' el ement'. It is the smallest physical point or addressable element in a display image. They are generally represented as the square or dot and can only have a solid color. In some circumstances, they are corresponding to their timing mechanisms and sweep rates and even transparent. The first step to understanding how to print high-quality photos is to understand pixels per inch (PPI) . The pixels on your digital camera or computer screen get converted into dots on the printed photo. Pixel density  or  PPI (Pixels per Inch)  is not the measurement, they are pieces of information (data). It is the measurement of the resolution of devices in computer display, image scanners or digital camera image. The number of pixels displayed per inch is referred to as resolution. Calculate PPI:  The basic equation is PPI = width(pixels)/ width of image (inches); PPI = height(pixels)/ height ...

Operation of Global Positioning System(GPS)

INTRODUCTION: GPS - Global Positioning System -  It is a satellite based navigation system. To find the location and time information anywhere on the Earth, GPS devices are used. It provides longitude as well as latitude information of the devices. The signal used in GPS should be unobstructed line of sight and can be used or telecast in all kind of weathers. All GPS satellites synchronize operations so that the repeating signals are transmitted at the same instant. The signals, moving at the speed of light, arrive at a GPS receiver at slightly different times because some satellites are farther away than others. All GPS devices can answer this question "Where I am?" to anyone by calculating altitude and transmitting the details to the receiver. OPERATION: A GPS receiver's job is to locate four or more of these satellites, figure out the distanc­e to each, and use this information to deduce its own location. This operation is based on a simple mathem...

Working and Mechanism of Stepper motor

Introduction: A stepper motor is a brushless, synchronous electric motor that converts electrical energy into mechanical shaft rotation i.e. is divided into a discrete number of steps and the motor must be sent a separate pulse for each step. The stepper motor can only take one step at a time and each step is the same size. Working: Stepper motor commonly have a permanent magnet rotor surrounded by a stator. There are also steppers called variable reluctance stepper motors have four stator windings that are paired with a center-tapped common. This type of stepper motor is commonly referred to as a four-phase or unipolar stepper motor. The center tap allows a change of current direction in each of two coils when a winding is grounded, thereby resulting in a polarity change of the stator. The stepper motor moves in a fixed repeatable increment, which allows one to move it to a precise position. This repeatable fixed movement is possible as a result of basic magnetic theory wh...

Facebook Shortcut Keys in Google Chrome

Facebook, the biggest social networking site started in 2003 by Mark Zunkenberg and his friends, which united the youngsters on Internet. From the starting, it went through many updates and it's necessary to keep updating to fix the users to Facebook. It has also developed their own shortcut keys like in OS we use. Many of us even don't know about the shortcut keys is also available for Facebook. Facebook updates itself daily and may update itself shortcut keys too. But, i tried to mention some of the shortcut keys which i used and learnt. This may work with you too, if you follow the instructions properly. As, these keys work only with Google Chrome and I don't know about the other browser. Some keys also work with Mozilla Firefox browser. If using a web browser Chrome on a Windows PC, you can make shortcuts as follows: Alt + 1: Return to Home page. Alt + 2: Timeline Access / Profile of you. Alt + 3: Access to your Friends folder, connect Alt + 4 Access Catego...

Basic Concept of Transistor

Transistor is a semiconductor devices that is made for amplification or oscillations and generally used as a electronic switch in the electronic devices. Transistors have become the key ingredient of all digital circuits, including computers. Every chip or microprocessors are made up of the logic integration of transistors. Invention:- It was invented in 1947 at the Bell Telephone Laboratories by John Bardeen and Walter Brattain under the direction of William Shockley. The junction version known as the bipolar junction transistor, invented by Shockley in 1948. Structure and Working:- Transistors are manufactured in different shapes but they have three leads (legs). The BASE - which is the lead responsible for activating the transistor. The COLLECTOR - which is the positive lead. The EMITTER - which is the negative lead. The base is the gate controller device for the larger electrical supply. The collector is the larger electrical supply, and the emitter is th...

How does RF Transmission implemented?

Introduction:- Radio Frequency (rf) transmission is a wireless technology. The various ranges of frequency used the transmission come under the radio frequency spectrum spanning from 30 Hz to 300 GHz; typically , 10 kHz to 100 GHz for a long wave , short wave and microwave radio transmission. Working:- RF transmission uses radio waves like radio or television signals to transmit audio via a carrier from a transmitter to a receiver. Like a radio station transmitter the transmitter has an antenna usually attached to the transmitter unit which needs to be positioned to adequately cover the listening area. Small hand held portable transmitter usually with have a built-in antenna. The receiver units are either single channel or multichannel and they receive the modulated radio waves and convert them back into an audio signal which is sent to the headphone output. Multi-channel receivers will have a channel selector which allows a user to select a specific transmission channel. ...

How does Near field communication (NFC) works

NFC - Near Field Communication - is a advanced level of wireless technology which connects or establish communication between similar devices by touching them together or bringing them into close proximity, usually no more than a few centimetres. It establishes communication in order to fasten the data transfer like Bluetooth (slower than NFC data transfer rate). NFC communication also works on radio frequency but still there is difference between them. It is manufactured by Philips ( MIFARE technology ) or Sony ( FeliCa technology ). The NFC Forum was founded in 2004 by Philips, Sony and Nokia to encourage the rapid standardization of this technology and to let shared specifications ensure the necessary interoperability. Important features of NFC: 1. Reach and availability: NFC has the potential over time to be integrated into every mobile handset in the world. This would give the technology a potential reach as global as the mobile phone itself. By integrating NFC technolo...